The Problem Of Drug Use - 1040 Words

Drug use in America has been on the rise, drugs have been available for many years. The use of drugs in communities not only affect the drug user but it also affects families across the United States. Drug use has a way of making one dependent on a substance which can lead to many issues such as theft, theft usually plays an important role in funding a drug users habit when they are not able to hold a job or run out of money to sustain their unhealthy habit. Families are hurt by the user’s ability to be careless about their own situation and the situation of others that surround them, like children, parents or friends. Kids often act out in ways that are unhealthy for their future when growing up in such environments that lack the support†¦show more content†¦2006). â€Å"In the past year, 23% of youth meet diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder by age 20† (Johnston LD, O Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. 2006). This is huge when considering tha t substance abuse can start at a young age and continue throughout life possibly leading to further issues more crime related. As Chief of Police addressing the use and rehabilitation of drug users who live a life of crime is difficult. Under the current policies, we are giving individuals longer sentences for drug related crime and not addressing the issue of addiction. So, after users commit a crime they are sentenced to jail or prison and once released they go back to the same patterns and environments that fed their addiction so once again they continue to use and these individuals become our habitual offenders. This current system is setting individuals up for failure and not assisting with giving them the tools and knowledge to make changes in their behavior. Langan, (1994) explained that â€Å"a review of recidivism in 15 states found that one-quarter of individuals released return to prison within 3 years for technical violations that include, among other things, testing po sitive for drug use† (Langan. PA. Levin DJ., 1994). This goes to show that drugs and drug use needs to be addressed with strict guidance within facilities that are equipped toShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Drug Use And Trafficking843 Words   |  4 Pages(An essay on the problem of drug use and trafficking and the multiple possibilities of solving this issue) It has come to my attention that a certain issue needs to be addressed and if this issue continues to grow then this town could see some serious changes and people could find themselves in serious dilemmas. The issue I am addressing is drug use and trafficking that has been known of for many years. Due to the fact that the least bit of attention has been brought upon drug trafficking it hasRead MoreDrug Use And Its Effects On Drugs And The Problems Associated With Drugs859 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of the drugs, how drugs are harvested or manufactured, which kind of experiences they offer, their side effects and suggestions on how to deal with them. The authors maintain the approach of providing the facts about drugs while explaining the relevant terms. Each chapter deals with a specific drug category like stimulants or inhalants. Each section provides tips about drug use and a detailed list of further reading. The book also explores the political motivations that make some d rugs illegal whileRead MoreThe Problem of Drug Use Among Teenagers2562 Words   |  10 PagesRESEARCH PROPOSAL 10 Research Proposal Introduction The existence of a myriad of social problems among teenagers that both parents and states have to deal with is a factor whose weight ought not to be treated lightly. 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These drugs were widely used for medicinal purposes without any knowledge of their addictiveRead More Deviant Behavior Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesis illicit drug use, and examine why this type of behavior is labeled as deviant. By using theoretical approaches, this paper will provide the reader an explanation of why illicit drug use occurs in the first place. Throughout history, all human societies have used drugs, but it hasn’t been until recently considered deviant behavior. Drug use was seen only as a personal problem, but today’s societies, in general, condemns drug use. There are many reasons for this perception of drug use in our societyRead MoreEssay Drug Usage In Todays Youth1261 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Usage In Todays Youth Todays teenagers cry out incessantly for their personal freedom but have thrown their responsibilities as well as their right to these personal freedoms out the window with their increasing turn towards drugs. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, in 1997, nearly fifty percent of high school seniors have used marijuana. i This is a shocking statistic. However, it not as shocking as the fact that this percentage has been on a steady increase sinceRead MoreDrug Abuse1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of and abuse of illegal and prescription drugs are a health, social, and law enforcement problem that is affecting Americans across the country. Drug abuse is destroying the lives of many teens and adults and is also destroying families in the United States. The use of drugs is a major problem in the United States among all Americans, but drug addiction is the main cause for America s troubled teens today. Exactly what is a drug? A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeuticRead MoreEssay about Teenage Drug Addiction1079 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction in Teenagers Drugs have been around for a long time and there are many different reasons for them. In particular, they have been misused by teenagers over the years, but in today’s society drug use is at its highest level. Young adults do not deal with their problems in a healthy way, instead they turn to drugs as a solution. Teens who abuse drugs hurt their loved ones and the people who care the most about them. Drugs impact the health of a young adult because

Critical Analysis Of To Kill A Mockingbird - 1761 Words

To Kill A Mockingbird is an acclaimed novel that provides a meritorious exploration on the subject of human nature and distinctively regards several themes with great importance. Discussed through recollections from a child’s perspective, the novel provides a variety of portrayals and wholehearted messages, creating an illustration with a consequential meaning once the indications are interpreted. It is also worthwhile to acknowledge the themes that coexist within the book that are introduced through the character’s life stories. The title itself carries a great deal of symbolic weight in the novel. It is how the naturally flawed characters influence and are influenced by the several themes, that assemble the novel into edifying the reader†¦show more content†¦In Tom Robinson’s circumstance, he is an innocent individual despite many claims and inaccurate testimonies. Tom Robinson had a relatively moral-filled life, providing affection and comfort toward his wife and children. However, it seems as though he has been in trouble with the law before due to disorderly conduct. In defiance of this minor conviction, Tom Robinson had not performed major unethical practices towards anyone in the town. Tom brought nothing but joy and delightfulness to the world. Unfortunately, allegations brought forth by Bob Ewell, framed Tom Robinson of raping Bob’s daughter. This occurrence was declined by evidence and even Robinson himself, but to no avail. In the end, Robinson was convicted guilty despite the numerous amounts of information suggesting that Bob Ewell was the real criminal in the situation. Later in the novel, it is learnt that Tom Robinson is killed by authorities whilst trying to escape from the prison. Through Tom Robinson’s story, the indications leave to believe that Tom himself was metaphorically, a mockingbird. As Miss Maudie had explained it, it is a sin to kill a mockingbird, due to its innocence in the world. In Boo Radley’s case, he is a mockingbird due to his true nature of innocence and goodness. The townspeople however depict him as the opposite of this. Jem takes effort into describing Boo Radley as so: â€Å"...about six feet tall, judging from his tracks...There was a long, jagged scar thatShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of To Kill A Mockingbird1866 Words   |  8 PagesTo ‘Kill a Mockingbird’ is a fairly long, complex novel that encompasses a wide range of issues and universal themes. Accordingly, Harper Lee’s highly acknowledged ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ emphasises the importance of people in positions of privilege to stand up and resist systemic discrimination in order to protect the innocent. Lee has fictionalised the infinitesimal county of Maycomb, a town set in the plot of her Pulitzer prize winning book. This piece of golden fiction is narrated through JeanRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Critical Analysis1476 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is a popular literary title. It’s one of the most famous pieces of literature. George W. Bush says that the book is â€Å"a meditation on family, human complexity, and some of the great themes of American life. At a critical moment in our history, Mockingbird helped focus the nation on the turbulent struggle for equality.† (Wayne, pg. 1) President Bush could not have been more right, To Kill a Mockingbird is a timeless classic, with themes that are still relevant in today’s worldRead MoreRacism And Critical Disposition Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1415 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Racism and Critical Disposition in Maycomb County Racism was a tremendous issue in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. It was applied throughout the novel and was increasingly used to judge others in Maycomb’s society. Racism was revealed through the novel to characters Jem, Scout, and Dill who were young children that were learning about the good and evil in the small town they lived in. Racism was a constant and significant topic. There were many aspects that contributed to racismRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism m ust stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreThe Importance Of Communication And Parents Or Guardians By Making A Good Impression From The First Contact911 Words   |  4 Pagesmanner. 2. In my observation classroom, the teacher likes to use guided questions to facilitate class discussion. Currently, the 8th graders are reading To Kill a Mockingbird. Sometimes it is good to begin on the comprehension level to make sure that the students understand the plot of the story before asking them further questions about analysis. She will then ask them what conclusions they draw from the text and what makes them think that. Finally, they are asked to evaluate what they are readingRead MoreThe Loss of Innocence and Maturity in to Kill a Mockingbird2128 Words   |  9 PagesThe Loss of Innocence and Maturity in To Kill A Mockingbird Harper Lee’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, To Kill a Mockingbird details the life and experiences of two children in a small town of Alabama. It describes how a series of events shakes their innocence, shaping their character and teaching them about human nature. 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Stage five topics are more refined and associated with learning levels topics surround texts more than texts surrounding topics, however texts like To Kill a Mockingbird and Macbeth or Romeo and Juliet allow students to examine clearly the place of morality and ethical behaviours within the contexts of history and present day; encouraging o n a broader interests in higher order literature. Stage six units becomeRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost Essay2201 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent bildungsromans from different eras and regions to fully determine the necessary characteristics of a bildungsroman, like The Odyssey, To Kill a Mockingbird, David Copperfield, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and The Catcher in the Rye. One of the most well-known bildungsromans and one of the most applicable to Eve’s development is To Kill a Mockingbird. Scout Finch goes through a process comparable to Eve’s, and will be especially useful in assessing Eve’s maturation since they are both heroinesRead MoreLiberalism and Realism Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pagesoutside the mind (Merriam Webster, 2012). A realist or the individuals that study realism affirms that they believe in the Correspondence Theory of Truth (Hilary Putnam, 1976). According to the teachings of Aristotle, this conjecture is the theore tical analysis to realize the truth without evidence to support the facts. This harmless clichà © is distinctive in holding the notion of perception according to ones’ belief system. The correspondence of truth is related to the world and how the world describes

Jamika free essay sample

1. What positive and negative managerial characteristics does Jamika possess? Positives: She set objectives by ordering Marianne to call both employees to have them to bring in a doctors note when they return back to work after having to reschedule the clients hair appointments. She is doing the best she can do by showing leadership by saying to herself that she would take care of the situation personally. Negatives: She didnt show great communication with her employees that were out sick in my opinion and not wanting to apologize for her outburst. She is not controlling because of the simple fact that she is afraid of getting rid of a few employees if it ever came down to that point for her to do so. 2. How do these traits help or hinder her potential to get the top position at the Riverwood Mall salon? I think that it will hinder her chances because as the head manager, you cant afford to make any mistakes like this because to store is basically in the head managers hands. We will write a custom essay sample on Jamika or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If she doesnt fix her mistakes, then she will be removed as the head manager. 3. How do you think Jamika should have handled each of the incidents with Marianne? Holly and Carol Jean? Victoria? I think that Jamika should have called Holly and Carol Jean herself instead of ordering Marianne to do it since she is the head manager. Jamika should have talked to Holly and Carol Jean ask them how long they would be out sick and ask them if they would bring her a doctors note when they return instead of reacting the way she did. She needs to show better communication skills. I think that she should also appreciate Victoria a little more because she was somewhat relieving Jamika from her stress. Chapter 2 7. Explain the basic idea underlying the contingency view. How would you go about identifying key contingencies facing an organization? The contingency view states that the successful resolution of organizational problems depends on a managers identification of key variations in the situation.  Managements job is to search for important contingencies in their industry, technology, the environment, and international cultures. 8. Why can an event such as the Hawthorne studies be a major turning point in the history of management, even if the results of the studies are later shown to be in error? Discuss. The Hawthorne Studies were a series of experiments on worker productivity started in 1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company. The tests were to determine the effect of illumination on output; five tests pointed to the importance of factors other than illumination in affecting productivity. Early interpretations agreed that human relations not money caused increased output. Workers performed better when managers treated them positively. New data showed that money mattered, but productivity increased because of increased feelings of importance and group pride felt when selected for the project. One unintended contribution of the experiments was a rethinking of field research practices. Researchers realized that the researcher could influence the outcome of an experiment by being too involved with research subjects

New York Yankee Stadium Essay Example

New York Yankee Stadium Essay Do you know that the ‘new’ Yankee Stadium is ninety years old? As early as 1921, plans to purchase and construct a stadium that would change the watching of baseball were made. A 10 acre piece of land was purchased from William Waldorf Astor estates for only $675,000. It is located in the west of Bronx directly opposite the Harlem River when viewed from Yankees’ Manhattan home. The contract for the construction of the Yankee Stadium was given to New York’s White Construction Co.   In the month of May 1922, the construction commenced (MLB Advanced Media, 2010). It was estimated that the Stadium would cost $2.5 million to put up. The Yankee stadium took a shorter period than expected. It only took 284 days of work to complete and in April 1923, the stadium was ready for use. The inaugural game of Yankee versus Boston Red sox was hosted in the newly built stadium on April 18, 1923. Surprisingly 74,200 baseball fans were packed in the stadium for the first ti me. Thousands more were outside after the gates were closed following an order from fire department. The American and Yankee flags were raised high on the flag post at the deep center of the field before the struggle of the two teams began. John Phillip led the band. The Yankee stadium would later host countless base ball games (MLB Advanced Media, 2010). This essay seeks to trail through the issues involved in the construction of the Yankee Stadium in New York. Building of the New Yankee Stadium The condition of the Yankees’ stadium was deteriorating by the years 1960’s and 70’s. There was an urgent need for its renovation and rebuild. Conservatives would have had no problem with the old stadium but the Yankees’ team wanted it new to fetch them some additional income and additionally give their fans more luxuries and facilities. After several years of discussions, the plans for the reconstruction were made public in the month of June 2005. The actual rebuilding commenced on August 2006. Would the Yankees be in a position to finance the project that required $1.6 billion? (Ballparks of Baseball, 2010). It is the New Jersey that drafted the plan for a New Yankee baseball stadium for New York City. Its carrying capacity would be approximately 50,000 people and would cost 50% less than Manhattan’s multipurpose sports stadium (Munsey Suppes, 2010). The stadium would have exterior faà §ade replicating the one of the old stadium. The inside section of the Yankee Stadium would stand out as a separate structure. It would rise above the exterior top. Looking from the outside, one cannot tell the difference between the old and the reconstructed Yankee Stadium. The outside of the new stadium has similar structures with the old stadium. Between interior structure and exterior wall there would be a square footage that will be five or six times larger than that of the current stadium. The rim around the roof of the new stadium would be of original copper and not copper frieze or lattice as in the old stadium. Inside the stadium would be the field with its dimensions. The soil in the new Yankee stadium will be drawn from the outfield (Munsey Suppes 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on New York Yankee Stadium specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on New York Yankee Stadium specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on New York Yankee Stadium specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The stadium was intended to hold approximately 50,000 fans. The main grandstand has a total of four rows extending from one foul pole to another. The first and the second levels have approximately 30,000 seats.   Third level has 56 luxurious suites. Level four forms the upper deck The New Yankee ballpark has retained the old stadium’s dimensions. The outfield has a video scoreboard measuring 56 by 10 feet. There are other auxiliary hand operated scoreboards at the right and left center of the fences (Ballparks of Baseball, 2010). The new Yankee is highly luxurious with areas isolated for picnics, party suites, a steakhouse, martini bar and club seats. There is also a museum with past records of champion Yankee teams with their players. As one enters the Grand Hall, a Hard Rock Cafà © greets you.   All these facilities are part of what makes the New Yankee Stadium famous all around the world. To share in its fame also is the championship of the Yankee baseball teams. The New York Yankees have managed to maintain the Word Series championship that their earlier teams won (Ballparks of Baseball, 2010). Financing of the New Yankee Stadium The old Yankee stadium had to be reconstructed to give it a new face. It is now referred to as the New Yankee Stadium. The reconstruction of a new Yankee stadium started in the summer of the year 2006. It was scheduled to be complete by the year 2009 after a period of three years reconstruction. The redevelopment would not only be for the field but also for a conference center, a hotel and a high school offering careers related to sports (Munsey Suppes 2010). The project would however cost the New York state a hell of a fortune. An estimate of $1.01 billion would be consumed by the project. The Yankees were the greatest contributors as with $756 million they would pay 75% of the total cost. $44 million will be tax exemptions.   The remainder would be provided by public sector; city and the state. It would be used to put up the infrastructural facilities in the stadium.   The Yankees went one step ahead in their agreement to contribute 75% of the project’s funds (Zimbalist , 2006). Before he left the office in 2001, the former mayor; Rudy Giuliani had promised to get 100% from the public for the reconstruction of the New Yankee Stadium which amounted to $800 million then. His promises were never met when a new mayor, Michael Bloomberg declared that there were other priorities to be met before the stadium plan (Munsey Suppes 2010).   The state is also supposed to give a contribution of $70 million for the construction of parking garages. This is like a loan given to the Yankees as the state will get its money back by collecting parking charges (Zimbalist, 2006). The city will have to support the redevelopments by contributing $1.6 billion in the form of bonds. The teams will repay the city afterwards from their income (Munsey Suppes, 2010). A newspaper report of 2004 said that the Yankees wanted to forego the expensive roof of the stadium and in its place increase more seats to a capacity of approximately 56,000. However, by 2005, the Yankees had not said anything about the issue (Munsey Suppes, 2010). In 2005, New York City, as reports said, had plans to spend $1.1 billion. This money was to be divided between three sports stadiums. $300 million was to go to the new Yankees ballpark. The New York City’s contribution will be used to set up infrastructure alongside other improvements (Munsey Suppes 2010). In the year 2009, a new dawn for the Yankees in New York began. The reconstruction had been completed. The New Yankee Stadium became one of the world’s historic and famous stadiums. It still holds its original name â€Å"Yankee Stadium.’   In the same year, the Yankees had won 2009 World Serial in their new stadium. It was their 27th baseball World’s Championship (Ballparks of Baseball, 2010). Scandals surrounding the Project The New Yankee Stadium construction has been involved in a number of corruption scandals.   A company that tested the concrete used for the construction schemes in the New York City was involved in the scandal. New Yankee Stadium and Freedom Tower are some of the projects that Testwell company was accused of not been honest about. Testwell Company’s president, V. Reddy Kancharla and a number of other officials were also involved in this scandal. They have been charged with enterprise corruption (Westfeldt, 2008). The concrete strength might not have been up to the standards.   Investigations by the Manhattan prosecutors have been going on. They are to find out whether Testwell did falsify the test results or billed the companies on the tests that were never made. The Yankees and owners of Freedom Tower reported that the concrete which was used in their projects had passed the strength tests according to Testwell. However, some Yankee monitors had found fault in the Testwel l’s failure to do simple tests; pouring concrete into some bucket and turning it over to test whether it maintained its steadiness. Yankees reported this to the prosecutors. The New York City has started retesting the concrete but has not given any results yet. The company is however going to defend its grounds (Westfeldt, 2008). Yankees Threat to leave NYC The Yankees baseball team is a great sports’ enterprise that earns the New York City (NYC) and in general the United States of America a lot of profit. At one time, the Yankees threatened to leave Bronx and NYC. The team wanted the City’s Agency to put on sale bonds worth $350 million. If this money was not raised from the sale of the bonds, then the Yankees would not have their stadium project completed (Gralla, 2008) Approval process After many decades of consultations, it was agreed that a New Yankee stadium be constructed.   For the proposal of the New Yankee Stadium to get approval, it had to relocate Parkland hotel. The Parkland hotel that was at the site of the reconstruction of the New Yankee Stadium was to be relocated to give enough space for the new stadium. The Yankees, out of the desire to have a new stadium, were ready to do anything Blum, 2009). They moved the Parkland to a 32 acre land that cost them $ 10 million. It was a great improvement from the 22 acre piece of land that John Mullay and Macomb’s Dam parks occupied. The costs had gone high as the budget Office reported later, up to $195 million. This rise was due to the increase in the size of the land and other costs incurred to clear toxic wastes that had been buried together with oil barrels.   The relocated parks were scheduled to start their operations in the year 2011. Because of the influences that the New Yankee Stadium has ca used, a number of community concerns have been raised (Blum, 2009). Community concerns The members of the community in which the New Yankee Stadium is located have pointed out some issues on the effects that have been caused by the whole exercise. For example, the community has raised eye brows on environmental issues. The traffic would be affected as a result of the reconstruction of the stadium. Though the scheme is planned to reduce traffic, the community claim that it is likely to increase the traffic problem. The increased traffic is a blow to the community that is high rated in Asthma cases (Blum, 2009). To add salt to the injury, the community claims that the project has taken great amounts of their taxes.   They feel that the baseball team is the beneficially and they do not stand a chance to gain. Their taxes therefore should not be used in the project and the beneficiaries should contribute. In support of the community, Good Jobs New York says that the project was an instrument to bulldoze taxpayers by the use of insular undemocratic negotiations through the city officials. However, The Community Benefits Agreement failed to represent the views of the community. Their proposals remain unexecuted (Blum, 2009). Despite the fact that the community raises eyebrows towards the reconstruction of the Yankee Stadium, there are proponents of this project. They point a list of benefits that would accrue from the scheme (Blum, 2009). Statistics from the Industrial Developmental Agency show that $ 60 million has been raised by the project. Further more it has created about 6000 jobs during the construction period to the neighboring community (Blum, 2009). Zoning Issues There are plans that have been put across to rezone the New York Yankee stadium. It has been realized that a mistake had been done in its zoning. No one doubts the fact that the stadium has been strategically located. Nevertheless, its zoning has been found out to be outdated; a development discouragement. Sites have been underutilized as a result despite the mass transit presence. The office and retail spaces that stimulated clients will negatively be affected (Blum, 2009). On the other hand, the redevelopment will provide more jobs. Though New York City will provide economic opportunities to the people of New York, the rezoning of the Yankee Stadium is important to align up to the standards of development (Blum, 2009). Conclusion The New Yankee stadium is one of the world’s most famous baseball parks. It derives its fame from the unique and expensive way in which it is constructed. Its size is also overwhelming. Many fans will converge in the stadium not only to watch a game but also enjoy the luxurious amenities provided by the New Yankee Stadium. It is an admirable site. The Yankees have also given the stadium a name in maintaining the World Series Championship in baseball. However, the New Yankee stadium has gone through many upheavals ranging from funding, scandals and the opposition from the community around which it is built. Despite all the odds, it has been possible to reconstruct the New Yankee Stadium for the New York City. Making it what it has been today has not been easy.

Free Essays on Window

The Window As I approach the window to my living room, I can feel the breeze from the warm air passing through the house. The curtains blow furiously around, dancing with one another in what seems to be some ancient primal ritual. Before I even look outside, I can already hear the world speeding by outside. I peer out the window; the air carries with it a distinctive smell. Exhaust from the cars that fly chaotically around, all the people walking on the street. The smell of the sea breeze, and the brisk salty water that carries all the other smells around like a horse and carriage. Hundreds of fragrances that all come together to form one unique sensation. Even a man without sight could see the picture of the city formed by the chorus of aroma’s. Looking down upon the city, one can almost feel rushed by the organized chaos below. People all hurrying from one place to another, bunched together walking in invisible lines like a herd of sheep. Careful not to infringe on others space, the lines of people bend and move. Making their way through the maze of the city, never stopping to talk, or take in their surroundings. Looking annoyed when they must wait to cross the street, checking their watches counting each second as if it were there last. Everyone seeming to be in such a hurry to get where they are going, and even more of a hurry to leave once they get there. The streets, filled with all the cars and busses. Each one with its own sound, honks and roars, revs and putters. Moving with such purpose, following an unwritten pecking order. Busses are the kings of the road. Like an elephant, so big and powerful, moving all other smaller creatures out of its way. Never stopping to worry about the smaller things on the road, it is the master of the mechanical world. The Taxi’s and their wave of yellow, grouping together like a pack of lions hunting with such precision as they weave in and out of traffic. Then the... Free Essays on Window Free Essays on Window The Window As I approach the window to my living room, I can feel the breeze from the warm air passing through the house. The curtains blow furiously around, dancing with one another in what seems to be some ancient primal ritual. Before I even look outside, I can already hear the world speeding by outside. I peer out the window; the air carries with it a distinctive smell. Exhaust from the cars that fly chaotically around, all the people walking on the street. The smell of the sea breeze, and the brisk salty water that carries all the other smells around like a horse and carriage. Hundreds of fragrances that all come together to form one unique sensation. Even a man without sight could see the picture of the city formed by the chorus of aroma’s. Looking down upon the city, one can almost feel rushed by the organized chaos below. People all hurrying from one place to another, bunched together walking in invisible lines like a herd of sheep. Careful not to infringe on others space, the lines of people bend and move. Making their way through the maze of the city, never stopping to talk, or take in their surroundings. Looking annoyed when they must wait to cross the street, checking their watches counting each second as if it were there last. Everyone seeming to be in such a hurry to get where they are going, and even more of a hurry to leave once they get there. The streets, filled with all the cars and busses. Each one with its own sound, honks and roars, revs and putters. Moving with such purpose, following an unwritten pecking order. Busses are the kings of the road. Like an elephant, so big and powerful, moving all other smaller creatures out of its way. Never stopping to worry about the smaller things on the road, it is the master of the mechanical world. The Taxi’s and their wave of yellow, grouping together like a pack of lions hunting with such precision as they weave in and out of traffic. Then the...

Input without Wires Technology †Computer Science Essay (100 Level Course)

Input without Wires Technology – Computer Science Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Input without Wires Technology Computer Science Essay (100 Level Course) On any given day, you encounter wireless technologies being used for a wide range of communications. Televisions remote controls, baby monitors, remote garage door openers, and cellular telephones, for example, all use wireless technologies to communicate with other devices. Wireless technologies also allow input devices, such as the keyboard and mouse, to communicate with a computer. A wireless keyboard and wireless mouse communicate with a computer using one of two wireless technologies: infrared or radio frequency technology. Infrared technology uses light waves to transmit signals to other infrared-enabled devices. Infrared-enabled devices, such as a notebook computer or PDA, have a small, red plastic-covered IrDA (Infrared Data Association) port that transmits and receives signals. Infrared technology, however, only can transmit signals approximately three feet, and the two IrDA ports must be in direct line with each other to communicate. Given the clutter on most people desk and the constant movement of a mouse, infrared technology is not the ideal solution for wireless input devices (Patsch 4-15). With radio frequency (RF) technology, devices communicate signals at least six feet without a clear line of sight . Even piles of paper, books, and other desktop items will not degrade the communication among the wireless keyboard and the mouse and the computer. Given these advantages, most users prefer a wireless keyboard and mouse that use radio frequency technology instead of infrared (Wireless Input). Connecting a wireless keyboard and mouse using RF technology requires two parts: a transmitter and a receiver. The radio transmitter is inside the wireless keyboard or mouse. The radio receiver plugs into a keyboard port, mouse port, or USB port. Once the receivers are plugged in, the computer recognized the devices as if they were connected by a cable . Patsch, Jason G. â€Å"Buying and Installing Wireless Hardware.† Future Technology Magazine. September 2006: 4-15 Wireless Input. Shelly Cashman Series. Course Technology. 10 Oct. 2006. www.scsite.com/wd20032e/pr2wc2.htm. Zataq, Pamela T. and Roger D. Lang. The Wireless World of the Future. New Jersey: Griffin Books, 2006. Research Papers on Input without Wires Technology - Computer Science Essay (100 Level Course)Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementGenetic EngineeringPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

The ability of individuals to enforce their rights under EU law before Essay

The ability of individuals to enforce their rights under EU law before national courts - Essay Example In a number of cases, the Court has awarded interim reliefs, which are an outstanding concept for the conceptualising the difficulties that individuals witness when initiating legal proceedings before national and European courts when trying to prey for safeguarding the rights offered by the Community . European Union law is having an equal force with any EU’s Member State law. It offers commitments and rights on the officials of the each of the EU Member State as well as the businesses and the individuals. For implementation of the EU law in national law, the authorities will be held responsible in each and every Member State and such officials should warranty ordinary citizen’s privileges under these laws. EC can be approached by any individuals to make complaint against a Member State for any practice or any measure concerning to a Member State which such individual think not attuned with a principle or provision of EU law . This research essay will discuss in detail with the support of decided legal cases and academic opinion about the ability of Individuals to enforce their rights under EU law before national courts. â€Å"Direct, Vertical and Horizontal Effect â€Å" The canon of direct effect facilitates an individual to cite a European legal provision either before the European court or national court. However, direct effect is applicable only to some European regulations and is subject to many stipulations. Direct effect facilitates individuals immediately to refer EU regulations before state courts, despite the fact whether national law test exist or not. Hence, the direct impact guarantees the effectiveness and application of EU laws in the Member States. However, there are many conditions imposed so as to make a European law to be applicable instantly. Further, the direct effect may only relevant as to relations between a person and the Member State or be extended to relations between individuals. The direct effect has been preserved by the ECJ in the landmark case Van Gend en Loos3 in 1963. In this verdict, ECJ held that individuals do have rights and also impose some obligations on EU Member States as regards to individuals’ rights . Hence, individual may derive benefits from these privileges and can directly employ European legislations before European and national courts. Nonetheless, there is no obligation on the part of the Member States to adopt the concerned EU Act into its internal legal setup. It is to be noted that there are two features to direct effect namely a horizontal feature and a vertical feature. Horizontal direct effect connotes affairs between individuals which involve that a person can employ a European law as regards to another person. Vertical direct impact connotes the relationship between the State and the individuals. The ECJ has acknowledged either a partial direct impact which is restricted to the vertical direct impact or a full direct impact which has a horizontal direct impact as well as a vertical direct effect4. In Van Duyn5 case, it was observed by the European Court that while the EU regulations may have their direct effects, the EU directives may not have

Natural, Herbal, and Vitamin Supplements Research Paper

Natural, Herbal, and Vitamin Supplements - Research Paper Example Each day, online sites are flooded with people looking for every kind of health-related information. Their searches range from information pertaining to remedies for health problems to preventive health care. In order to market their supplements, companies through the media place a wide range of advertisements that are enticing to consumers (Vaskovarzic 1). Each site gives the impression that their product is the ultimate solution to health problems. Given that consumers are desperate for solutions, they are usually easily convinced to purchase these supplements. Sometimes, reviews from people who give testimonies on how some of the supplements are effective to increase people’s urge to purchase. Media has also contributed a lot towards creating an image that is at times deceiving to people (123HelpMe 1). Online photos show pictures of flawless people especially celebrities. In some circumstances, media will highlight specific supplements that these celebrities use to acquire the perfect look. The fact that everyone wants to look good becomes a triggering factor for online shopping for supplements based on judgment from online images. Media has created awareness about the existence of various supplements. If it were not for the media, people would be less knowledgeable. In addition to this, issues such as availability and price have been made possible through the media. From anywhere in the world, people can compare and eventually purchase every kind of supplement they want. The process of placing an order is easy (Teichner and Lesko 1). This convenience encourages online shopping (Teichner and Lesko 1). Moreover, through television talks and interviews, media plays a role in publicizing supplements.  Media is so powerful that it can either help or harm people. In everyday life, people are in connection with media through television, radio and the internet hence accessibility to information. Through the influence of magazine pictorials and television commercials, people are negatively affected. When media is abused, it influences people unconsciously to attempt things that are harmful to their health. Media ofte n presents the picture of a perfect body with the aim of getting attention and in the long run marketing certain products. When people fail to acquire the perfect body after consuming particular supplements, they go for alternative supplements. This process increases dependency on particular products hence creating emotional conflicts in most cases.

Veterans Administration Benefits Essay Example for Free

Veterans Administration Benefits Essay Veterans Administration now known as U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) was founded on the 21st of July 1930. It has been established in order to coordinate and consolidate the activities of the government that affects the war of veterans. The functions of the Interior Department and National Home for disabled volunteer soldiers functions were incorporated in the Veterans Administration. President Reagan signed legislation on the 25th of October 1988 creating a new federal cabinet-level department of Veterans Affairs. This legislation replaced the Veterans Administration on the 15th of March 1989. The mission statement of Veterans Administration is what Abraham Lincoln said on his inaugural address, â€Å"To care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan. † His statement reflects the principles and philosophy that guides the department in its endeavor. It focuses on serving the Nation’s veterans and their families. â€Å"Its goals is to deliver world-class service to veterans and their families by applying sound business principles that result in effective management of people, communication, technology, and governance. † According to Peter Stenberg, who have served the military camp for 45 years said that the veterans Administration provides different types of services to the citizens of United States. In order to be eligible to this service, an individual must be a veteran, or a dependent of a veteran. If the veteran has died already, the child, parents, or even the spouse is eligible to the service. Active military service member who is on duty and a reserve or National Guard member are also considered eligible. The compensation service is being used if the eligible individual is at least ten percent disabled because of any military service. Eligible member will receive monthly compensation from VA. Pension benefits do not have any time limits for service availment. A veteran must have limited income and who is permanently and totally disabled because of war. Wartime veteran should at least be 65 years old. Educational training is conducted if necessary to be able to finish the rehabilitation goal. VA provides assistance in finding and maintaining suitable employment to eligible individuals. Rehabilitation Services renders rehabilitation and counseling support. Major Craig Wilhelm added that the VA offers different kinds of health care services. It provides dental, outpatient medical, hospital, prosthetic and pharmacy services. It gives nursing home, domiciliary, and community based residential care. It also provides sexual trauma counseling. It specialized health care for female veterans. The department also provides an alcohol and drug dependency treatment. Medical evaluation for military personnel who became disabled because of their military service in the Gulf War, exposure to Agent Orange, radiation, and other environmental hazards. Educational Training is being provided to the active duty service and the reserve/guard service. Active duty service can avail by those whose duty became active from the 30th of June 1985. Eligible individuals can avail on the Montgomery GI Bill. While individuals, whose duties became active from the 1st of July 1985 and before the 1st of July 1985 can avail the Veterans Educational assistance Program (VEAP). The reserve/guard service is being provided to Reserve and national Guard members who are under the Montgomery GI Bill, who have signed a commitment for six years with a reserve unit after the 30th of June 1985 and remain actively drilling and in good standing with their unit. Dependency and indemnity compensation to certain survivors of service members who died during the service duty, who died from service related disability, and VA members how are considered 100% disabled at the time of death are being assisted. Home loan services to veterans, military personnel, and surviving spouses who are eligible for this kind of service are also offered. Jennifer Jones who have been one of the surviving spouses whose husband died during his military service in Afghanistan have availed a home loan provided the different types of home loans. Refinancing Loan is eligible to individuals who have a Veterans Administration mortgage. The department can help in refinancing the loan. An individual may also apply in refinancing a non-Veterans Administration loan. The department also provides guarantee for home improvement, home repair, and for building a home. Special Grant is provided to veterans and military personnel who are handicapped or disabled. They can receive a grant to acquire a house that is suitable in their needs. Veterans Administration is offering different kinds of life insurance depending on the extent of the disability of an individual. Eligibility would range from $10,000 up to $400,000. VA provides certain burial benefits to eligible VA members like making a monument to mark the grave of a veteran, provides presidential memorial certificates, burial in a VA national cemetery, Burial flag or even a reimbursement of burial expenses. A veteran who was disabled because of his service will be able to avail this type of service from VA. This helps eligible veterans in finding, preparing and keeping an employment that is suitable with their current capabilities. For individuals who have serious disability because of his service are offered services improving their ability to live independently. Pat Tillmann, whose almost all of his family served the military not to mention his great grandfather who was assigned in Pearl Harbor, provided the different benefits this type of service can offer. He said that vocational Evaluation is being offered to eligible veterans who are evaluated in terms of their abilities, skills, needs and interests. Vocational Training for non-paid work and on the job training is conducted if it is necessary. Eligible veterans are undergoing vocational planning and counseling. A veteran is eligible either for the full benefits or just a potion depending on the length of military service and discharge or release from active service under different conditions except dishonorable. According to statistics in 1995, VA has met its targeted performance of its service by showing the increased statistical records of veterans with special needs to have improved their health of which includes those members who are considered handicapped and disabled. It was recorded that in 2005 VA have exceeded the 79 percent target to 82 percent in the goal of improving VA members’ social well being, mental functions as well as their ability to function independently. This increased have placed veteran members to have a quality life. The Veterans Claims Assistance Act of 2000 has increased significantly both the complexity and length of claims development. VA’s notification and development duties increased, adding more steps to the claims process and lengthening the time it takes to develop and decide a claim. Mustering-out payment act is a federal law that was passed in 1994. This legislation provided military service men that are returning from the Second World War then were provided with money to start again with their life as a regular citizen. G. I. Bill of Rights was passed on the same year, which is in favor to military service men that returned from a service military duty. They are being offered for a vocational education and a one-year unemployment compensation. It also provides home loans to eligible veterans to start their own business and buy homes. The Department of Veterans Affairs Act of 1988 provided a new name to Veteran Administration. The law made a major reorganization to VA.

Old South vs. New South in OConners Everything That Rises Must Conver

Old South vs. New South in O'Conner's Everything That Rises Must Converge Flannery O'Connor's "Everything That Rises Must Converge" depicts a stifling mother-son relationship in which the conflict is never resolved, or even acknowledged. This relationship is a metaphor which describes the transition from the Old South, with its inherent values used to justify slavery and segregation, to the New South, striving for justice based on equality. Mrs, Chestney (old South) and her son Julian (New South) represent, on an individual scale, the interactions of their corresponding constituencies, "'The world is a mess everywhere... I don't know how we've let it get in this mess", states Mrs, Chestney on the subject of segregation, Unintentionally, she implicates her kind as the party responsible for the tension between Negroes [sic.] and Whites, She is saying, in effect, "We dominated this race of people. Now it has become too difficult for us to maintain that control." Naturally, she feels threatened. Josephine Hendin wrote that: The desegregation of buses and the general rise of the Negro seem to her so much chaos, a chaos in which the old and the young, the present and the past, must violently collide. Blacks encroaching upon the power structure which is integral to her behavior have forced her to either reassess her behavior, or substantiate it. She is an old woman, whose meaning to life is reliant upon segregation, and she will, in every case, opt for the latter, In her discourse with her son, Julian, she proudly refers to a great-grandfather who was a slave owner, the tragedy of "half-whites", and, as proof for not riding integrated buses alone, a large Black passenger sitting adjacent to her, reading a newspaper. Her mani... ...s and is now yearning for a "darky" nurse's care. Only then does Julian react to the circumstances, in a panic. He helplessly watches his mother die, and then realizes how dependent on her he truly is, As the Old South dies, the New South emerges. The descendant cannot sever the tie to its predecessor, nor ignore its effect on the next generation. As a society, our evolution to a point without racism may be a long process. Works Cited Feeley, Kathleen, Flannery O'Connor: Voice Of The Peacock. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1972. Hendin, Josephine. The World of Flannery O'Connor. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1970. O'Connor, Flannery. Everything That Rises Must Converge. New York: The Noonday Press, 1956, Stephens, Martha. The Question of Flannery O'Connor. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973.

Differences Between Cyclops’

The comparison of Cyclops’ from historical contexts to new media In Greek mythology, the Cyclops was a member of the giant race, every one of them having one eye in the middle of their heads. The Cyclops’ were gigantic monsters who originated from Sicily which consumed human beings. Because of their horrific appearance there were banished to the underworld, but later set free from their prison by the Greek gods. In the X-Men series, the Cyclops is a character that is portrayed as a superhero. Published by Marvel comics, the Cyclops is a field agent leader who has a superpower from generated energy which is emitted through a laser beam.This energy comes directly from his eyes. This one eyed appearance is why he is called â€Å"Cyclops† as it originally comes from the one eyed Greek mythological monster. Cyclops is a sign of natural strength and force. In the X-Men series Cyclops is considered as one the members of the powerful circle of heroes. This strength was i nnate, Cyclops knew about this power from a young age, so he joined with the other cluster of superheroes to train and develop this power into a way in which society could benefit. In a sense this power is man-made; Cyclops developed a laser over his eyes as he could not expose his eyes to sunlight.This man-made creation therefore represents modern technology in society, as without societies’ innovative inventions, modern technology cannot expand. This in comparison to Cyclops in Greek mythology differs as the Cyclops’ forces and strengths are not man-made they are in fact raw and natural. The Cyclops from Greek mythology are said to be humongous and strong with natural force. The Cyclops’ appearance shows an insight to the promoted era. In the newly developed interpretation of the Cyclops, he is portrayed as a normal person with humanistic traits.Cyclops wears clothes such as pants, shirts, and jackets thus looking like a human. Also, Cyclops is portrayed with muscles and handsome to give that modern day attraction factor for its audience. He is also shown wearing sunglasses to cover his eyes to make him look even more fashionable to relate to modern day society. We can link this too the society of today as universally, the world is judged by fashion. As the Cyclops from the X-Men series is shown as a fashionable character, the audience can relate to him and this takes away that actually he is a monster in disguise.The Greek mythological representation of the Cyclops is comprised as a giant, ugly looking, one-eyed monster that has no teeth and no clothes. This is the total opposite to how the Cyclops is portrayed in modern day media through movies and comics. This shows the transformation of contemporary normalities from the before Christ era, to modern society. It is a social normality to be fashionable and to look good. So, by Cyclops adapting these qualities through his character in X-Men it derives a link between the character and soc ial conformities.The Cyclops represents a certain level of vulnerability. Cyclops from Greek mythology has one eye which we can indicate that the monster is somewhat exposed to the things around him. It is said that because Cyclops has only one eye, this therefore represents people who see through only one perspective. This narrow mind relates to susceptibility in actions as only having one eye limits the vision. The X-Men figure also has this exposure; in his case if his glasses or laser is removed he will be harmed by the light as it will burn his eyes.This shows vulnerability. This relates to humanistic traits in modern day society as everyone is assailable to things in life and it just shows even a monster can be too. So for the monster to be portrayed in such a way, it suggests that we are no different from the monster, and the monster is inside of us. The way the Cyclops is presented in new media represents technological expansion. The Cyclops from Greek mythology is portrayed to have no weapons, no clothes or no powers. As this era of living was before Christ, technology of any sort was a myth.On the other hand, Cyclops from X-Men is shown to have a laser as an eye, armour with his costume and other kinds of machinery. This relates to modern society as it shows how digital technology has enlarged over the generations. This also ties in to the monster having humanistic traits, as most of the innovative ideas of design and creative come from the human brain, all in which are presented with the Cyclops. Also, we can unravel that this represents the economic growth of the world. Without the funds, technology cannot expand and inventions cannot be made.Back in time this couldn’t have been possible as the money was non-existent. After uncovering all of these concepts, it’s clear that the representation of the Cyclops has come a long way from Greek mythology to the way modern day society is exposed to this monster in contemporary media. The new a nd improved Cyclops represents how humans have adapted from generation to generation, from innovative design, wealth and appearance. The director does a great job in tying these traits of the Cyclops together and linking them with the surrounding audience.The director uses all these humanistic views through the Cyclops very cleverly as the audience can relate to all of traits portrayed, from vulnerability to the cares of appearance, the urge to look good. Modern audiences are exposed to the Greek mythological representation of the Cyclops as a huge, ugly, raw character. So for them to be displayed to contemporary audiences through the X-Men version it gives them a better understanding of the origins of the Cyclops and how the visual adaptation has been altered to satisfy social normalities.

One Door Closes as Another Door Opens

One Door Closes, as another Door Opens Growing up in San Diego, California in a full blooded Portuguese family, complete with the grandparents from the old country and the western more contemporary parents was a very colorful upbringing. My grandmother and mother had many old wives sayings and tales that were the foundation of they way the reacted to life. Although raised in the fear and guilt that is known as the Catholic religion, my mother always reminded me that even when something bad happens, something good will come of it. Now in my Christian life, our Pastor Aaron refers to it as â€Å"When one door closes, another will open in its place†.In this reflective paper I will describe how my life experiences, some which were tragic and traumatic and closed that chapter in my life, many times a new door opened, usually with a more positive outcome. Child molestation, becoming a widow at 26 years of age, and alcoholism are just a few of the obstacles I endured in my life. I wi ll explain how some wonderful experiences evolved from these obstacles. I was raised in family of four daughters. I was the second youngest and considered the middle child. My two older sisters were seven and eight years older than me.My mother use to say it was like raising two daughters, two at a time. By the time my older sisters married and moved out, my younger sister and I were just starting adolescence. My siblings and I cohabitated in one small bedroom with two sets of bunk beds in our small two bedroom home. My father was a hard working painting contractor and my mother was a stay at home housewife. My father drank everyday, and my mother spent her days meticulously cleaning our home. My childhood memories were full of large family get togethers with aunts and uncles and all the cousins, grandparents and other Portuguese friends.The women would cook cultural cuisine and the men would play cards, gather around and play musical instruments like the guitar, mandolin, and drums . My father played the spoons and bones that were carved from ivory. My father was the comedian, center of attention, and the guy who would put the lamp shade on his head after a few beers. I have shared that personality trait with him since I was very young. My sisters and I would sing and dance for the large gatherings. As a young girl, maybe eight years old, I remember reading a National Geographic Magazine article about Oregon.I told my mother I was going to live there some day. The tall trees and the mountains of green versus the San Diego hills of houses piled on top of one another, was very pleasing to me. Even at that young age, Hollands’ personality theory of career satisfaction (Witt and Mossler, 2010) was apparent. My need for self expression came out through drawing pictures of those beautiful mountains and sharing them with my friends and family. I was already leaning towards the artistic and social aspects of his theory. When I was around 11 years old a neighbor who was in his forties sexually molested me.His wife could not have children, so they would invite me and my younger sister for sleep overs. She had no clue the molestation was happening. She was always so sweet and caring to us. I was so terrified to go over there any more that I started making excuses. Having to give up my interaction with her is my first memory of a door closing. I started to become rebellious as the anger and resentment ate me up inside. Alcohol became my escape at the early age of 12. I would sneak vodka from my dad’s liquor cabinet, and take it to middle school to put in my lemonade at lunch. My world was closing in all around me.It was in 8th grade that I had an art class that opened another door to me. I would engulf myself in that class everyday and work hard on projects at home. I had found a release for the anger, and a way to channel it into something positive. I was modifying my behavior without realizing it. Art became a prevalent part of my li fe. I would write poetry which was my form of a journal and I would draw for hours on end. It was in high school where I met my first love. I had run away from home after an argument with my parents and stayed at a friend of my younger sister’s house.His parents were understanding and let me stay there for a week. My parents knew where I was at, and they probably welcomed the break from me, as much as I did from them. I fell head over heels for him. The closeness and love was so wonderful. I had not been that happy since I was a little girl. We stayed together for two wonderful years. I began to trust again which opened another door that was once closed. I graduated high school with a 4. 0 GPA and wanted to join the military. That dream would change when I met my first husband. Mac and I met at a co op softball game that some friends took me too.He was muscular and athletic. We flirted a bit. I started to have those warm fuzzy feelings again. We moved in together after dating for 6 months. My parents were furious, but I was an adult. He had been to Oregon for a summer and I was fascinated with his stories. That same year we loaded up the Volkswagen bug and headed to Oregon. Mac wanted to be a fisherman so we moved to Newport. We gave birth to our daughter April in 1976 and my son Smokey in 1977. Life was hard but we managed to get by. In 1980, Mac had decided he wanted to go to Alaska for a season because the money was much better up there.He left in May of that year, came back to see me and the kids for my birthday in June and headed back up in August. That was the last I saw of him. He drowned on Labor Day weekend, 2 days before April was to start Kindergarten. Smokey was 4 years old. Needless to say, the children and I were devastated. How were we going to live and how on earth was a 26 year old mother of two going to survive? I moved inland to the Willamette Valley and started our new life. It was then that my career in the food and beverage industr y came into play.I had worked a few waitress and bartending jobs part time, but now I had to make all the income to support us. Mac hadn’t paid much into Social Security so that check was more like a stipend than enough to live on. I worked and worked sometimes 2 and even 3 jobs to get by. I finally got a great fulltime, good paying job at the Red Lion Inn as a pantry chef. This door helped to strengthen my artistic and social characteristics even more. Creating beautiful food was an art form and the plate was my canvas. All the colors and placement of the final product was very satisfying.Having a network of co workers really enhanced my social life. I was moving on and becoming the person I wanted to be†¦.. happy. My children were now in high school and growing into their own wonderful beings. I also worked 2 nights a week as the Karaoke hostess at the Inn. That job was a great outlet for my self expression and social life. I gained the courage to audition for a local band and became the lead singer and keyboard player. Another door opens. Both of my children graduated and moved on. My daughter went on to Oregon State University and my son went to work installing home and auto audio systems.I moved back to the coast because my younger sister, who had since moved to Oregon, was going through a rough time. Her husband was losing his battle with cancer. He died later that year. It was while living in Waldport, Oregon, that I posted an ad in the matchmaker section of a local newspaper. I was lonely. It was there that I met my last husband. We dated for a while and life seemed pretty good. We ended moving in together where he owned a home in Lebanon. So back to the Valley I went. I obtained a job as a teacher’s aide working in the title one program with elementary school students.I also coached the high school cheerleading squad. Life was going well†¦or so I thought. My husband became very controlling and pressured me into getting a better paying job. He had a great job and money was never an issue, but he was extremely materialistic. He convinced me that I should become a Realtor, so I took the course, received my license and sold real estate for 8 years. The verbal and now physical abuse had escalated. I finally packed my bags, filed for divorce and moved out. That door slammed shut! By now I had become pretty numb to bad things happening in my life which I had little or no control over.Once again alcohol reared its ugly head in my life. This went on for about a year when I finally decided I had had enough. I started writing my thoughts again and decided I am going back to school. I was 52 years old. I enrolled at a local community college and focused on academics for the first term. Then I signed up for a couple of art classes and that became the door that opened up my life so dramatically and positively. My creative juices were flowing again. I had my self- confidence back, and I was expressing my artistic and so cial self again.I entered several of my works in art shows and won a few awards. I felt like I was back on top. I believe that even though I had some terrible life experiences that I will never forget, they all opened up doors for me to grow and become the woman I knew God had created me to be. â€Å"Divorce often leaves emotional scars that last a long time. Both men and women usually experience emotional challenges after divorce, including loneliness, lower self-esteem, worry about the future, difficulty forming new relationships, fear of failure in new relationships and depression (Amato, 2006).I can honestly say I have experienced all the above mentioned, but I am learning to cope effectively and the impact has lessened for me. My goals for my future are emphasizing the importance of an education to my grandchildren, accomplishing and receiving my Bachelors in Fine Arts with the focus on Early Childhood Education and using what I have learned to teach art to children and to vol unteer teaching art to senior citizens.I feel with my artistic and social personality characteristics as explained by Holland’s theory, (Witt and Mossler, 2010) that I will have the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of children. Art and the expression of art have saved my life†¦numerous times. Another door that has opened for me is very exciting. I have reconnected with my first love from high school on face book. He still lives in California and we talk and text everyday on the phone. He will be visiting me soon. We have rekindled our love and I truly believe that we are going to be together again.With all I have learned from my past relationships I feel this will be the best ever! â€Å"Relationship history is not your relationship future (David Niven Ph. D). Your Relationship future is not limited by your experiences of the past or by your disappointments of the past. You can learn from your experiences and avoid mistakes of the past. † In conclusio n, I have learned a great deal about myself through my life experiences. I know that I am a strong, resilient individual.I have had numerous negative circumstances happen in my life, several of which were beyond my control. I did manage to survive them all, and grew from this multitude of trials and tribulations. Wisdom has prevailed and blessed my soul and heart. I embrace the adventures that lie ahead. â€Å"When one door of happiness closes, another opens: (Helen Keller); but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened for us. † I have learned to move forward through the open door and to welcome all that it has to offer.

Behavior Impact and Definition of Mirror Neurons

Behavior Impact and Definition of Mirror Neurons Mirror neurons are neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing that same action, such as reaching for a lever. These neurons  respond to someone elses action just as if you yourself were doing it. This response is not restricted to sight. Mirror neurons can also fire when an individual knows or hears someone else performing a similar action. â€Å"The Same Action† It’s not always clear what’s meant by â€Å"the same action.† Do mirror neurons code actions corresponding to the movement itself (you move your muscles a certain way to grab food), or, are they responsive to something more abstract, the goal that the individual is trying to achieve with the movement (grabbing food)? It turns out that there are different types of mirror neurons, which differ in what they respond to. Strictly congruent mirror neurons fire only when the mirrored action is identical to the performed action- so both the goal and the movement are the same for both cases. Broadly congruent mirror neurons fire when the goal of the mirrored action is the same as the performed actions, but the two actions themselves are not necessarily identical. For example, you can grab an object with your hand or your mouth. Taken together, strictly congruent and broadly congruent mirror neurons, which together comprised more than 90 percent of the mirror neurons in the study that introduced these classifications,  represent what someone else did, and how they did it. Other, non-congruent mirror neurons don’t seem to exhibit a clear correlation between the performed and observed actions at first glance. Such mirror neurons may, for instance, fire both when you grasp an object and see someone else placing that object somewhere. These neurons could thus be activated at an even more abstract level. The Evolution of Mirror Neurons There are two main hypotheses for how and why mirror neurons evolved. The adaptation hypothesis states that monkeys and humans- and possibly other animals as well- are born with mirror neurons. In this hypothesis, mirror neurons came about through natural selection, enabling individuals to understand the actions of others. The associative learning hypothesis  asserts  that mirror neurons arise from experience. As you learn an action and see others performing a similar one, your brain learns to link the two events together. Mirror Neurons in Monkeys Mirror neurons were first described in 1992, when a team of neuroscientists led by Giacomo Rizzolatti recorded activity from single neurons in the macaque monkey brain and found that the same neurons fired both when a monkey performed certain actions, like grabbing food, and when they observed an experimenter performing  that same action. Rizzolatti’s discovery found mirror neurons in the premotor cortex, a part of the brain which helps plan and execute movements. Subsequent studies have also heavily investigated the inferior parietal cortex, which helps encode visual motion. Still other papers have described mirror neurons in other areas, including the medial frontal cortex, which has been recognized as important for social cognition. Mirror Neurons in Humans Direct Evidence In many studies on monkey brains, including Rizzolatti’s initial study and others involving mirror neurons, brain activity is directly recorded by inserting an electrode into the brain and measuring electrical activity. This technique is not used in many human studies. One mirror neuron study, however, directly probed the brains of epileptic patients during a pre-surgery evaluation. Scientists found potential mirror neurons in the medial frontal lobe and the medial temporal lobe, which helps code memory. Indirect Evidence Most studies involving mirror neurons in humans have presented indirect evidence pointing to mirror neurons in the brain. Multiple groups have imaged the brain and shown that brain areas which exhibited mirror-neuron-like activity in humans are similar to the brain areas containing mirror neurons in macaque monkeys. Interestingly, mirror neurons have also been observed in Broca’s area, which is responsible for producing language, though this has been the cause of much debate. Open Questions Such neuroimaging evidence seems promising. However, since individual neurons are not being directly probed during the experiment, it’s difficult to correlate this brain activity to specific neurons in the human brain- even if the imaged brain areas are very similar to those found in monkeys. According to Christian Keysers, a researcher who studies the human mirror neuron system, a small area on a brain scan can correspond to millions of neurons. Thus, the mirror neurons found in humans cannot be directly compared with those in monkeys to confirm whether the systems are the same. Furthermore, it is not necessarily clear whether the brain activity corresponding to an observed action is a response to other sensory experiences rather than mirroring. Possible Role in Social Cognition Since their discovery, mirror neurons have been considered one of the most important discoveries in neuroscience, intriguing experts and non-experts alike. Why the strong interest? It stems from the role mirror neurons may play in explaining social behavior. When humans interact with each other, they understand what other people do or feel. Thus, some researchers say that mirror neurons- which allow you to experience the actions of others- could shed light on some of the neural mechanisms underlying why we learn and communicate. For example, mirror neurons may provide insights on why we imitate other people, which is critical to understanding how humans learn, or how we understand other people’s actions, which could shed light on empathy. Based on their possible role in social cognition, at least one group has also proposed that a â€Å"broken mirror system† may also cause autism, which is partly characterized by difficulty in social interactions. They argue that reduced activity of mirror neurons prevents autistic individuals from understanding what others are feeling. Other researchers have stated this is an oversimplified view of autism: a review looked at 25 papers focusing on autism and a broken mirror system and concluded there was â€Å"little evidence† for this hypothesis. A number of researchers are much more cautious about whether mirror neurons are crucial to empathy and other social behavior. For example, even if you have never seen an action before, you are still capable of understanding it- for example, if you see Superman flying in a movie even if you can’t fly yourself. Evidence for this comes from individuals who have lost the capacity to perform certain actions, like brushing teeth, yet can still understand them when others perform them. Towards the future Though much research has been conducted on mirror neurons, there are still many lingering questions. For example, are they only restricted to certain areas of the brain? What is their real function? Do they really exist, or can their response be attributed to other neurons? Much more work has to be done to answer these questions. References A calm look at the most hyped concept in neuroscience – mirror neurons, Christian Jarrett, Wired.Acharya, S., and Shukla, S. â€Å"Mirror neurons: Enigma of the metaphysical modular brain.† Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 118-124, doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.101878.Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., and Rizzolatti, G. â€Å"Action recognition in the premotor cortex.† Brain, 1996, vol. 119, pp. 593-609, doi: 10.1093/brain/awp167.Hamilton, A. â€Å"Reflecting on the mirror neuron system in autism: A systematic review of current theories.† Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2013, vol. 3, pp. 91-105, doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.09.008Heyes, C. â€Å"Where do mirror neurons come from?† Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 2009, vol. 34, pp. 575-583, doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.007.Keysers, C., and Fadiga, L. â€Å"The mirror neuron system: New frontiers.† Social Neuroscience, 2008, vol. 3, no. 3-4, pp. 193-198, doi: 10.1080/17470910802408513.Kilner, J., and Lemon, R. â€Å"What we currently know about mirror neurons.† Current Biology, 2013, vol. 23, no. 23, pp. R1057-R1062, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.051. Kokal, I., Gazzola, V., and Keysers, C. Acting together in and beyond the mirror neuron system. Neuroimage, 2009, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 2046-2056, doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.010.Miklà ³si, . Do dogs have mirror neurons? Scientific American Mind.Mirror neurons after a quarter century: New light, new cracks, JohnMark Taylor, Science in the News.Reflecting on mirror neurons, Mo Costandi, The Guardian.The mind’s mirror, Lea Winerman, Monitor on Psychology.Uithol, S., van Rooij, I., Bekkering, H., and Haselager, P. â€Å"What do mirror neurons mirror?† Philosophical Psychology, 2011, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 607-623, doi: 10.1080/09515089.2011.562604.What’s so special about mirror neurons?, Ben Thomas, Scientific American Guest Blog.Yoshida, K., Saito, N., Iriki, A., and Isoda, M. â€Å"Representation of others’ action by neurons in monkey medial frontal cortex.† Current Biology, 2011, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 249-253, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.004.

APA Referencing †How to Cite a Website (Proofed)

APA Referencing – How to Cite a Website (Proofed) APA Referencing – How to Cite a Website These days, with the World Wide Web at our fingertips, many students don’t even know what a book looks like. OK, that’s not true. It would be pretty difficult to be at college without going to the library at least occasionally. Why is it all papery? Can I adjust the brightness? The point we’re trying to make is that the internet is an increasingly valuable tool for research when writing a college paper, so knowing how to cite a website correctly is vital. In this post, we take you through the basics of citing a website using APA referencing. In-Text Citations Parenthetical citations for a website are the same as for any other source, requiring you to give the author’s surname and year of publication: APA referencing has specific rules for citing a website (Lee, 2010). Make sure to look carefully, as often the name of the author or date of publication can be tucked away somewhere. If, however, you cannot find the details required, there are alternatives. If you can’t find the name of the author, you can use a shortened version of the article title instead: The tutorial is designed for complete newcomers to APA style conventions (â€Å"The Basics of APA Style,† 2016). If you can’t find the date, you can use â€Å"n.d.† to indicate this: Proofreading helps you achieve the grade you deserve (ProofreadMyPaper, n.d.). Reference List As with any source, you should add any websites cited in your work to the reference list. The basic format for this in APA referencing is: Author (year and date). Title of document [Format description]. Retrieved from URL The â€Å"format description† part is only required if you’re citing a specific kind of document or site, such as a blog post or an online slideshow. For instance, the blog post cited in the first example above would appear in the reference list as: Lee, C. (2010, November 18). How to cite something you found on a website in APA style [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html?_ga=1.106662403.1685488010.1435410218 When information is missing regarding the author or date of publication, use the same conventions as described above for citations. For instance, a page with no named author would appear as: The basics of APA style (2016). Retrieved from apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx. A page with no date of publication, meanwhile, would simply use â€Å"n.d.†: ProofreadMyPaper (n.d.). About us. Retrieved from https://getproofed.com/services/academic-proofreading

Service marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Service marketing - Essay Example People factor in the service encounter gains an even more significant position. Thus a company can move from a position of stability to one of a complete unstable stance as it acquires different means of gathering the market and its driving factors that come along with it. The firm has to change its position with the changing times otherwise it will literally vanish away from its competitors and more so the customers, for which it actually exists. It must bring about certain efforts which are geared up to make it sound, look and eventually feel different from the rest of the lot and in the long run, have a selling proposition in it and in its products that help it in winning the customers time and time again. For getting on to this track of success and achievement, it is significant to understand that having the most sought after employees and workers in the market is necessary since they will give the most productivity in the toughest times possible. (Varey, 2001) Within an organization, the current needs in the training regimes require the employees to get themselves acquainted with the ever changing role of Information Technology and the like within the business quarters as well as learn for their own betterment the different mechanisms through which they can make use of the business processes and management activities in a steady and quick manner. This means that they must align themselves with the advanced technological applications and that too in a quick way because the corporate world of present times is on the move. Thus the training needs are very much required within any organization since the same would ensure that all the employees understand what they are doing and there are as such no hiccups in the office place so to speak. (Cappelli, 1999) More than anything else, the workers must know what the end

Gun laws In The Usa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gun laws In The Usa - Essay Example As such, guns assist in threatening burglars into submission of the law, where they surrender lest the weapon be fired on them. In addition legalizing firearms allows those that possess them to have an upper hand in cases of violence against them, where they buy time for the authorities to arrive and contain the situation by arresting the culprits. This means that legalizing guns is a positive thing to the entire society by curbing the occurrence of crime all over; thanks to the dangerous and life threatening nature of guns into coercing one to comply with demands for the right or moral thing to be done. In addition, the legalization of guns in the American society creates a suitable situation for all to stay away from violent activities that involve life-threatening situations. This is as seen through resolution of disputes through amicable means by persuading aggressors to steer off violence and embrace non-violent means of dispute resolutions. However, the above situation works if the person with the gun exercises his or her rationality in a life-threatening situation since he or she holds the upper hand. Having guns as legal items in America also serve to improve the security countrywide following the equality created in having them. This is through accountability and uniformity that is bound to be all over, considering that anyone with an interest in guns is bound to get and use it according to his or her discretion. This form of uniformity allows individuals to be accountable and responsible with their firearms such that they do not use them at will, but rather in situations that call for them. According to the above statement, cases of threats would be minimal, as would those of violent crime involving guns (Sabhalok). This is because; since everyone can easily get a legal firearm, disputes can and will be resolved more responsibly unlike in cases where only one of those involved owns a gun. As such, rationality will be conventional thing to do since fai lure to be rational would lead to loss of lives. In addition, it is conventional for misuse or abuse of items and substances to go low once the items are legalized for use by the public as is the case for alcohol consumption in relation to binge drinking (CBS News). According to this statement, once guns are legalized, crime rates are bound to go down as guns become prevalent among the public, and with laws governing their use. This is to say that the use of illegal firearms to commit crimes will be low allowing for members of the American society to live their lives in peace. Concerning self-defense, guns are crucial for protection of one’s wellbeing against evil elements in society. This is especially so for individuals with impairments or of a certain age, where their abilities are highly impaired or uncontrollable. As such, senior citizens find security in the guns since they cannot compete against young burglars and criminals (Codrea). As a result, having a gun allows th em to overpower the youth in crime and get their situations under control and save their lives, as well as protect that which belongs to them. Guns also lead to recognition of certain minority groups commonly discriminated against under the pretext of criminal activity. Guns put all the ethnic communities on the map, for the right reasons; thus

Anishnabe homeland Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anishnabe homeland - Personal Statement Example The Anishinabe is one of the dominant native tribes in North America that occupies the greatest geographical area. Indeed, the Anishinabe ancestral homeland entails five American States and three Canadian Provinces (Minnesota Historical Society 1). The Anishinabe still live in this ancestral homeland. However, this ancestral land has since reduced after the coming of the Europeans. Accordingly, this native tribe claimed that it originated from the northeast and settled by the great sea. Notably, wars, migrations, and trade influenced the Anishinabe homeland. The Anishinabe valued their expanse homeland and referred it as a reward from their ancestors. The ancestral homeland belonged to all Anishinabe people. The Anishinabe guarded the homeland with pride and resisted all attempts aimed at removing them from the land. Apparently, the initial ancestral homeland of the Anishinabe was huge since it stretched from the northern reaches of the plains to the southeastern shores of the Great Lakes (Minnesota Historical Society 2). Specifically, sub-Arctic tundra bounded the homeland from the north while the Mackenzie River bounded the homeland from the west (Minnesota Historical Society 2). The Mississippi River bounded the Anishinabe homeland from the south while the seaboard bounded the homeland from the east (Minnesota Historical Society 2). Anishinabe homeland extended from Central Saskatchewan to southern Ontario (Minnesota Historical Society 2). Moreover, the Anishinabe homeland entailed the northern Minnesota, northern Dakota corner, and dominated Michigan City (Minnesota Historical Society 2). Currently, most Anishinabe people are farmers and ranchers who live in reservation communities in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin (Minnesota Historical Society 2). The Anishinabe have subdivided into four groups according to their location. The plains Anishinabe reside in Saskatchewan, western Manitoba, North Dakota, and Montana while the northern Anishinabe reside

Sensation and Perception Essay Example for Free

Sensation and Perception Essay Memory – knowing the past Thinking – knowing the future Cognition = the influence of perception, memory, and thinking Aug 29th, 2012 Basic principles of perception 1.Stimulation -Many kinds of energy implode on the body Electromagnetic energy (light) Mechanical energy -Pressure waves in air Pressure on skin Body movement Thermal energy (heat) Chemical energy (molecules in air, food) -Energy changes detected by receptors 2.Information a.Our sensory systems evolved to pick up information (not just stimulation) b.In general, information is provided by change c.Change can occur over time, or over space 3.Transduction -The process of converting stimulus energy into nerve impulses -Generally, stimulus energy causes a change in a receptor cell’s electrical potential (voltage) -If change is enough, it will trigger â€Å"nerve impulses† 4.Transmission -For perception to occur, sensory organs (containing receptors) must transmit nerve impulses to the brain -Perception occurs in the brain, not in the sensory organs 5.Mediation -Our perception of the world is mediated by various processes between transduction and our conscious awareness -These processes alter the neural information -What we consciously perceive may not be an accurate reflection of the original stimulation 6.Interpretation -Sensory information is ambiguous (there are ALWAYS multiple possible interpretations) 7.Construction -Sensory information is â€Å"sketchy†; the brain â€Å"fills in† missing information 8.Modularity -Your brain consists of independent â€Å"modules†. These modules may construct different, possibly conflicting, interpretations of the world. -You â€Å"see† one interpretation of an ambiguous **Missed Class†¦locked out of room** Sept 5th, 2012 Signal Detection Theory (Slides and appendix in book) Sept 7th, 2012 The Eye Light -Light is electromagnetic radiation varying in: Wavelength Intensity Radiance – intensity of light as it leaves the light source Illuminance – intensity of light as it is absorbed by object (white objects higher in illuminance than black objects) Luminance – amount of light that is reflected by object 100 illuminance omits 40 luminants; albedo = 40/100= .4 Retinal Illuminance – light that reaches your eye Brightness – perception of radiance, illuminance, or luminance Lightness – perception of the reflectance (albedo) Brightness is a perception of the light; lightness is a perception of the object surface Myopia = nearsighted = focal length is shorter than distance  to retina Hyperopia = farsighted = focal length is longer than distance to retina Presbyopia = aged vision, lens can’t adjust because of age (reading glasses for old people) Sept 10th, 2012 The Retina Fovea is the part of eye where visual acuity is highest Vision involves â€Å"rods† and â€Å"cones† in the back of the retina Photopic = conesScotopic = rods Purkinje Shift – as illumination decreases, red objects lose brightness more quickly than green, blue; red goes to black whereas green and blue pass through shades of gray **2 Missed Classes – Canada** Sept 19th, 2012 Gestalt Psychology -Brief history of behaviorism, psychoanalysis -The laws of perceptual grouping October 1st, 2012 Distance Perception Why is depth perception important? -Effective action (e.g. grasping) requires correct perception of distance -Correct perception of size and shape requires correct perception of distance Size and shape consistency Just as an infinite number of object sizes and shapes can cast the exact same image on the retina, a single object can cast an infinite number of sizes and shapes of retinal image Size Consistency = we (usually) perceive the size of an object as constant, despite changes in the size of the retinal image Shape Consistency = we (usually) perceive The farther away something is from your eye, the less the retinal disparity will be Stereopsis -Retinal Disparity = the mismatch between the left and right eyes’ retinal  images -Stereopsis = the ability to use retinal disparity as a depth cue Motion parallax Interposition = idea that an object in front of another object will block that object out Aerial Perspective -Refers to effects of the air on distance perception Clarity = as light passes through more air, light is scattered and so the image gets blurrier oBlueness = as light passes through more air, long wavelengths are filtered out and so the image gets bluer Chapter 2 Transduction and receptive fields Signal Detection Theory -Always noise (random activity) Eye Movements EXAM 2 MATERIAL OCT 12TH 2012 Perceptual Ambiguity (Lecture 9) States of form perception 1.Feature extraction 2.Perceptual grouping 3.Figure-ground differentiation 4.Figural resolution 5.Pattern recognition Ambiguity – multiple possible interpretations – can occur at any level (2-5) Figure-ground differentiation -Some perceptual groups are treated as â€Å"figure†, other groups are treated as â€Å"ground† Yates Thesis -Yates. J (1985). The content of awareness is a model of the world. Psychological Review, 92, 249-284 -Visual images are inherently ambiguous (allow multiple interpretations) -Coherent action requires selection of one interpretation -We tend to represent in awareness the simplest interpretation of the most sensory data Figural Resolution -After â€Å"figure† has been differentiated from â€Å"ground†, it may still be  necessary to resolve the structure of the figure -Figural resolution influenced by†¦ Bottom up vs. top-down October 15th, 2012 Lecture 10 Pattern Recognition Pattern Recognition – knowing what figures in the visual field ARE. Requires interaction of sensation/perception with memory (pre-existing knowledge) Template Matching -Match of whole pattern to a stored pattern -Problems onfinite variation of problems No access to feature differences Can’t recognize†¦ Feature Analysis -Patterns are recognized by detection of particular â€Å"critical features† -Accounts for recognition of partially obscured patterns -Predicts that objects with more features in common are more confusable Problem: Not ALWAYS true Some confusions are predicted better by the whole shape New â€Å"configural properties† (or emergent features) arise from the combination of features †¢Impossible to define complex objects entirely by simple features Template Matching vs. Feature Analysis -Template matching emphasizes the whole, fails to account for importance of parts -Feature analysis emphasizes the parts, fails to account for importance of the whole -Possible solutions: Maybe more than one brain mechanism for pattern recognition oA â€Å"hybrid† approach that encompasses both the whole AND the parts Structural Theories of Pattern Recognition Objects are recognized by their â€Å"structural description†, how their parts are organized into the whole †¢DO NOT CONFUSE WITH STRUCTURALISM! (Structuralism assumed that the â€Å"structure† can be decomposed into elemental parts† Yates Thesis -We tend to represent in awareness the simplest explanation for the most sensory data Oct 17th, 2012 Three kinds of brain damage 1.Agnosia = â€Å"loss of knowledge† a.Prosopagnosia – loss of ability to recognize faces b.Object agnosia – loss of ability to recognize objects c.Word agnosia (alexia) – loss of ability to recognize written words 2.Object agnosia never occurs without either word agnosia or prosopagnosia Oct 24th, 2012 Light Light is electromagnetic radiation varying in: Wavelength Intensity Amplitude, if considered as a wave Number of photons, if considered as particulate Color is all in your head! â€Å"Hue† does not exist in the physical world – wavelength is a simple quantitative continuum, like intensity, or frequency of sound, or length, or weight †¢You brain CONSTRUCTS categories of perception, resulting in qualitative differences in the perception Dimensions of Color -HUE the perception of wavelength, or (in a mixture) dominant wavelength -SATURATION – the perception of purity (proportion of the dominant wavelength in a mixture) -BRIGHTNESS – perceived intensity Subtractive Color Mixture -A paint pigment absorbs certain wavelengths, reflects others -When two pigments are mixed, each subtracts out certain wavelengths -You see what’s left over Exam 2: Perceptual ambiguity Pattern recognition Color vision Sound Music The Ear Ear to Brain Visual Illusions Inner ear- cochlea, organ of corti, Moon Illusion – moon looks larger when at horizon than when it is over-head Perceived size = retinal image size x perceived distance EXAM 3 MATERIAL(FINAL EXAM)NOV 9TH, 2012 Final Exam Friday Dec 14th, 3:30-5:30 66 questions, appx. 2/3 material last 3rd of class Study 1st 2 exams for remaining 1/3 Don’t need to know every single experiment, just the general results Medial and lateral superior olives -Loudness in 2 ears and time of arrival in 2 ears